An approach for shipping emissions estimation in ports: the case of ro–ro vessels in port of Vigo

Despite most atmospheric emissions being produced by vessels when navigating at sea, they are also important when in port because of their proximity to urban areas and their harmful effects on climate change and health. First, we carried out a bibliographical review of the nine most relevant methods to estimate the emission of ships in ports. These methods have been used to estimate the emissions of the sixteen most representatives Ro–Ro (roll-on–roll-off) ships calling at the Port of Vigo. From the results obtained, a new simplified method for estimation is proposed, which is based on linear regression curves and takes into account the number of ships and the average number of hours they remain in port annually. This simplification could be a useful tool when making preliminary assessments of the emissions from ships in port, which can also be extrapolated to other ports or types of ships.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID2021-127876OB-I0

Responses to increasing exercise upon reaching the anaerobic threshold, and their control by the central nervous system

Sistema nervioso y ejercici

Discriminant analysis of the specialty of elite cyclist

The different demands of competition coupled with the morphological and physiological characteristics of cyclists have led to the appearance of cycling specialities. The aims of this study were to determine the differences in the anthropometric and physiological features in road cyclists with different specialities, and to develop a multivariate model to classify these specialities and predict which speciality may be appropriate to a given cyclist. Twenty male, elite amateur cyclists were classified by their trainers as either flat terrain riders, hill climbers, or all-terrain riders. Anthropometric and cardiorespiratory studies were then undertaken. The results were analysed by MANOVA and two discriminant tests. Most differences between the speciality groups were of an anthropometric nature. The only cardiorespiratory variable that differed significantly (p < 0.05) was maximum oxygen consumption with respect to body weight (VO2max/kg). The first discriminant test classified 100% of the cyclists within their true speciality; the second, which took into account only anthropometric variables, correctly classified 75%. The first discriminant model allows the likely speciality of still non-elite cyclists to be predicted from a small number of variables, and may therefore help in their specific training

Comprehensive medical education in hospital facilities for the Medical program at Universidad Nacional del Sur: an approach from health anthropology

El diseño curricular de la Carrera de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) se implementa en la consideración del hombre como unidad bio-psico-socio-cultural. Consideramos que la mirada antropológica cobra protagonismo en este tipo de formación médica, de manera tal que los contenidos curriculares de la carrera integran conceptos teóricos de la subdisciplina Antropología de la Salud. Se propone verificar si tales conceptos brindados en el Ciclo Inicial son retomados en el Ciclo Profesional.The curricular design of the Medical Program at Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS) has been implemented considering the individual as a bio-psychosocio-cultural unit. We believe that the anthropologic view is highly relevant in this type of medical education, so that the curricular contents in the program include theoretical concepts from the sub-discipline Health Anthropology. We propose to verify if such concepts given at the Initial Cycle are later considered in the Professional Cycle.Fil: Noceti, Maria Belen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Ana Florencia. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía; ArgentinaFil: Corredera González, Melisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Economía. Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Bertoni, María Belén. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Humanidades; Argentin

¿Es posible predecir el abandono?

El abandono de los estudios universitarios es un problema que acarrea importantes costes tanto para el individuo que lo sufre como para la sociedad en la que éste se inserta. Por ello, la prevención de este fenómeno resulta fundamental, especialmente teniendo en cuenta el actual contexto de crisis económica. Son muchas las investigaciones que han sido desarrolladas con el objetivo de establecer modelos predictivos de este fenómeno. Sin embargo, muchos autores cuestionan la predictibilidad de este fenómeno. En la presente comunicación se analizarán dichas iniciativas, identificando las luces y sombras que traen aparejadas, y se contrastarán con los resultados de investigación obtenidos por la Universidad de Oviedo en el proyecto Alfa-GUIA. Dicha investigación ha sido desarrollada de manera paralela por las instituciones socias y asociadas al proyecto. Para ello, se implementó un diseño de investigación expost-facto de enfoque holístico, cuya recolección de datos combinaba aquellos solicitados al servicio de informática de la Universidad con los obtenidos a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario diseñado a tal efecto, ascendiendo los participantes a 1311. Los resultados obtenidos en este contexto conducirán a la identificación de variables clave, cuya asociación con el fenómeno tiene un carácter predictivo

A blunted sympathetic function and an enhanced nitrergic activity contribute to reduce mesenteric resistance in hyperthyroidism

We aimed to determine whether an experimental model of hyperthyroidism could alter the function of sympathetic and nitrergic components of mesenteric innervation. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were divided into (1) control rats (CT) and (2) rats infused with L-Thyroxine (HT). Body weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation were lower in HT rats, while systolic blood pressure and citrate synthase activity in the soleus muscle were increased by HT. In segments from the superior mesenteric artery, the application of an electrical field stimulation (EFS) induced a vasoconstrictor response, which was lower in arteries from HT animals. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine diminished EFS-induced vasoconstriction to a lower extent in HT arter-ies, while the purinergic receptor antagonist suramin reduced contractile response to EFS only in segments from CT. In line with this, noradrenaline release, tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activation and dopamine β hydroxylase expression were diminished in HT. The unspecific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NAME increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more markedly in segments from HT rats. NO release was enhanced in HT, probably due to an enhancement in neuronal NOS activity, in which a hyperactivation of both PKC and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways might play a relevant role. In conclusion, perivascular mesenteric innervation might contribute to reduce the vascular resistance observed in hyperthyroidism.This research was funded by CiberCV (Grant number: CB16/11/00286), the European Regional Development Grant (FEDER) (Comunidad de Madrid, Grant number B2017/BMD-3676), Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (SAF 2016-80905-P) and R + D projects for young researchers, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (Comunidad de Madrid (SI1-PJI-2019-00321)

What is the most effective exercise protocol to improve cardiovascular fitness in overweight and obese subjects?

Increased peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) can reduce cardiovascular risks associated with obesity. Our aim was to analyze the effect of a weight loss program on cardiovascular fitness in overweight (W) and obese (O) subjects

Desarrollo de la aplicación web SISMO-HAITÍ para difusión de resultados de peligrosidad sísmica en la isla de La Española

Tras el catastrófico terremoto ocurrido en Haití el 12 de enero de 2010, de magnitud Mw 7 y profundidad de 10 km, (fuente: USGS) con un epicentro próximo a la capital, Puerto Príncipe (15 km), el país quedo en una situación catastrófica y de extrema pobreza, con necesidades básicas en salud, nutrición, educación y habitabilidad. Pocos meses después se inició el proyecto de cooperación SISMO-HAITI, financiado y coordinado por el Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería Sísmica (GIIS) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), con participación de otras universidades españolas y del CSIC y siendo la contraparte Haitiana el Observatorio de Vulnerabilidad y Medio Ambiente (ONEV). Uno de los objetivos del proyecto es el cálculo de peligrosidad sísmica en la Isla de La Española que constituya la base para la elaboración del primer código sísmico del país. El trabajo que aquí se presenta es una aplicación web desarrollada con el Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) del proyecto SISMO-HAITI. En esta aplicación se integran los diferentes mapas generados para el cálculo de la peligrosidad sísmica, así como los mapas resultantes, que pueden ser analizados e interpretados con mayor facilidad gracias a la aplicación. Para analizar la influencia de los diferentes inputs de cálculo se ha introducido el catálogo sísmico, las diferentes zonificaciones sismo genéticas y las principales fallas tectónicas. Toda esta información se puede superponer geográficamente con posibilidad de realizar consultas cruzadas en las correspondientes bases de datos, permitiendo el análisis de sensibilidad de éstos en los resultados. El desarrollo de esta aplicación web se ha creado a través de ArcGis Server 1

Effects of dietary restriction combined with different exercise programs or physical activity recommendations on blood lipids in overweight adults

Background and aim: Many exercise studies, although generally showing the beneficial effects of supervised aerobic, resistance or combined exercise on blood lipids, have sometimes reached equivocal conclusions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of different programs that combined exercise and dietary restriction on blood lipids versus a clinical practice intervention for weight loss, in overweight adults. Methods: For this study 66 subjects participated in a supervised 22 weeks training program, composed of three sessions per week and they were randomized in three groups: strength training (S; n = 19), endurance training (E; n = 25), a combination of E and S (SE; n = 22). Eighteen subjects served as physical activity group (PA) that followed a clinical intervention consisted of physical activity recommendations. All groups followed the same dietary treatment, and blood samples were obtained for lipids measurements, at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Lipid profile improved in all groups. No significant differences for baseline and post-training values were observed between groups. In general, SE and PA decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) values (p menor que 0.01). S decreased triglyceride levels (p menor que 0.01) and E, SE, and PA decreased total cholesterol levels (p menor que 0.05, p menor que 0.01 and p menor que 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: These results suggest that an intervention program of supervised exercise combined with diet restriction did not achieved further improvements in blood lipid profile than diet restriction and physical activity recommendations, in overweight adults. (Clinical Trials gov number: NCT01116856)